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<Paper uid="W04-0908">
  <Title>Input Text Linguistic Component Formal Description Visualizer Component OutputAnimation</Title>
  <Section position="3" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="relat">
    <SectionTitle>
2 Related Work
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> The conversion of natural language texts into graphics has been investigated in a few projects. NALIG (Adorni et al., 1984; Manzo et al., 1986) is an early example of them that was aimed at recreating static 2D scenes. One of its major goals was to study relationships between space and prepositions. NALIG considered simple phrases in Italian of the type subject, preposition, object that in spite of their simplicity can have ambiguous interpretations. From what is described in the papers, NALIG has not been extended to process sentences and even less to texts.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> WordsEye (Coyne and Sproat, 2001) is an impressive system that recreates 3D animated scenes from short descriptions. The number of 3D objects WordsEye uses - 12,000 - gives an idea of its ambition. WordsEye integrates resources such as the Collins' dependency parser and the WordNet lexical database. The narratives cited as examples resemble imaginary fairy tales and WordsEye does not seem to address real world stories.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> CogViSys is a last example that started with the idea of generating texts from a sequence of video images. The authors found that it could also be useful to reverse the process and generate synthetic video sequences from texts. The logic engine behind the text-to-scene converter (Arens et al., 2002) is based on the Discourse Representation Theory.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> The system is limited to the visualization of single vehicle maneuvers at an intersection as the one described in this two-sentence narrative: A car came from Kriegstrasse. It turned left at the intersection.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="4"> The authors give no further details on the text corpus and no precise description of the results.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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