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<Paper uid="C86-1003">
  <Title>A and I\] can take variable values, Iml. shouh\] not take different values</Title>
  <Section position="2" start_page="14" end_page="14" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
1 ) Study
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> in the primary stage of our study, we thought that all nouns were symbols to display the following concepts recognized by humans. We set up four concepts :in heighest level ; &amp;quot;Concrete objects&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Abstract concepts&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Phenomena&amp;quot;, and &amp;quot;lluman actions&amp;quot;. Concrete objects are the selfsame objects in the world. Abstract concepts are the standards which fix intellectual activities of hunlankind.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> Phenomena include both social, phenomena and natural phenonlena. \[\[unlan actions are the selfsame acted by humans. Wc assigned facets to these four concepts.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> Then we further extracted the feature of a park from these facets and assigned a new facet &amp;quot;Parts deg .</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> Similarly, another coneept of &amp;quot;Attribute&amp;quot; was extracted from degPhenomena deg and &amp;quot;lluman actions&amp;quot;. This feature is crucial especially for action nous. Thus we added two faeeLs; &amp;quot;Parts&amp;quot; and degAttribute&amp;quot;. Nouns also include concepts of measurement, space &amp; topography and time. So we added three facets; &amp;quot;Measurements&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;Spaces &amp; Topography&amp;quot;, and &amp;quot;Time&amp;quot;. We classified into lnore concepts as follows.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="4"> The concept of concrete objects arc- classified into &amp;quot;Nations &amp; Organizations', degAnimate objects' arid &amp;quot;inanimate objects&amp;quot; which cons t\] Lute three independent concepts. The concept of Ihmlan actions was elassifJ ed t.wo facets, &amp;quot;Sen:~e &amp; Feel ing&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Actions deg.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="5"> We rallied the scope formed by the concept &amp;quot;conceptual category&amp;quot;. It is difficu\]k to define the conceptual scope e.xplicitly. The concept which can be defined explicitly in the conceptual category is called a facet. The facet i.s subc\]assifJed into a number of semantic slots. This relation is illustrated i.n fir:ure 5.1.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="6">  /. &amp;quot;'-~ ..... &amp;quot;&amp;quot; &amp;quot;-. /a semantic slot ,' I t_-----,--~--~ sei~lantic marker , ~ ........... &amp;quot; cateqory a facet \[ facet name Figure 5, I Relationship between Facet and ~em_ant ie Mm:kerN 2) SubclassJfication of Facets  Facets, for example, were subclassified into slots as follows, the facet of Animate objects was subclassified as semantic slots deghumans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;animals ~ , and &amp;quot;plants deg The facet of Phenomena was subelassified as slots &amp;quot;natural phenomena&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;physical phenomena deg , &amp;quot;power and energies&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;physiological phenomena&amp;quot;, degsocial phenomena deg and &amp;quot;social systems and customs'. We then set up an &amp;quot;others&amp;quot; slot in each facet, for these words which cannot he assigned to any slot. The use of these slots is explained in section 5.3. We will study &amp;quot;others&amp;quot; slots through semantic analysis for nouns; new slots or facets may have to be assigned.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="7"> These semantic slots and facets are named semantic markers. The System of Semantic Markers for Nouns is shown in figure 5.2. The system of semantic markers for nouns is made up of 13 conceptual facets including ~Others deg markers, and 49 fiiial slots as term i nal s.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="8"> We also use Special. Semantic Markers for &amp;quot;functional words&amp;quot; which represent some patterns, syntactic or semantic information. For exmnple, the word &amp;quot;comparison&amp;quot; presupposes more than two nouns(arguments); comparison between &amp;quot;A&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;B deg . Then, &amp;quot;WK(Relation)&amp;quot; as a special semantic marker is attached to the word degcomparison&amp;quot;. The word &amp;quot;time deg assumes time case. These features suggest an effective device for semantic analysis.</Paragraph>
    <Section position="1" start_page="14" end_page="14" type="sub_section">
      <SectionTitle>
5.2 Concept ef ~mant.ic Harkers
</SectionTitle>
      <Paragraph position="0"> The following descri.bes concepts of 12 facets in the System of Semantic Markers for Nouns ('Other&amp;quot; (ZZ) not. included ).</Paragraph>
      <Paragraph position="1"> l ) Natiens and Organizations (OF) This concept.us\] facet includes words related to such functional human groups as nations, parties, corporations and organizations. Words in this facet can occur with volitional verbs, when used as subjects.</Paragraph>
      <Paragraph position="2"> 2) Ani mate Objects (OV) This conceptual facet includes such names as that of man, animal and plant, llowever, names of organs of the animate objects are included in the slot of &amp;quot;Organs or Components&amp;quot; (EL) under the facet of &amp;quot;Part.&amp;quot;. Names of diseases are included in the slot of &amp;quot;Physiological phenomena&amp;quot; (PB) under&amp;quot; the facet of</Paragraph>
      <Paragraph position="4"> This eoncepLual facet only includes words related to concrete objects in the inanimate objects, such as natural substances, parts and materials of products, artificial substances and J.nstitutions. The objects which do not exist as concrete objects are included in the facet of degIntell.eetua\] Objects&amp;quot;.</Paragraph>
    </Section>
  </Section>
  <Section position="3" start_page="14" end_page="14" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
4) Intellectual Objects(IO)
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> &amp;quot;IO&amp;quot; includes words related to theories, abstract tools and materials, intellectual products that are created by hunlan intellectual activities.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
  <Section position="4" start_page="14" end_page="14" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
5) Phenomena (t~)
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> &amp;quot;I~&amp;quot; includes words related to natural phenomena, physical phenomena, power &amp; energies, physiological phenomena, social phenomena and systems/customs. Words having causal properties are attached to words under this facet using plus minus signs (deg i-&amp;quot; and .... ). Sign &amp;quot;4&amp;quot; denotes desirable conditions(e.g, success), while sign deg &amp;quot; indicates undesirable conditions (e. g. suicide )</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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