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<Paper uid="J79-1009">
  <Title>INTERDISCIPLINARY WORKSHOP THEORETICAL ISSUES IN</Title>
  <Section position="1" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
THE FINITE STRING
NEWSLETTER OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS
VOLUME 11 - NUMBER 3
DECEMRER 1974
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> This issue was released for production an March 25, 1975. The editor intends to distribute American Journal of Computational Linguistics in four packs per calendar year, promptly at intervals of three months. Each pack is to contain two numbers of the Finite String. The difficulties of the first year of publication of AJCL are responsible for the d'elayed, production of this ~ack , which also contains Volume 11, Number 4 of TFS. ~k would be a rash editor indeed who guaranteed promptness without caveat. The present editbr must warn the subscriber that'the end of the diLf.iculti-es is not yet fixed for a date certa.in.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
  <Section position="2" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
AMERICAN JQURNAL OF COMPL'TATIONAL LINGUISTICS is published
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> by the Center for Applied Linguistics for the Association for Computational Linguistics.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
  <Section position="3" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> The conference originally planned for September 1975 has been rescheduled in order to avoid conflict with meetings on artificial intelligence (the date of that meeting was changed after the CL date was first set) and on applied linguistics.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> The general plan is as described in ACJL; Card-6.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> The coordinator is Dr. Guy Rondeau.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> A request for further information should contain Title, name, and surname; Post held; Department; InStitution: Postal address and zip code; and Field of interest.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="4"> Addresq COLING 76, Linguistics, University of Ottawa, KIN 6N5. American Journal of Computational Linguistics ~icrofiche 9 : 4</Paragraph>
  </Section>
  <Section position="4" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
INTERDISCIPLINARY WORKSHOP
THEORETICAL ISSUES IN
AATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSINGo
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> Sponsored by the Association for C~mputational Linguistics Supported by the Mathematical Social Science Board with funds granted by the Nathal Science Foundati~n DIRECTORS : BONNIE NASH-WEBBER AND ROGER SCHANK The announcement and program appear on Card 25. The following account is presented as a sratement bf the needs and condition of the field; it was prepared by BNW and RS.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> The workshop is to promote interaction among researchers in computational linguistics, psychology, linguistics, and artificial intelligence. The primary purpose of the workshop is to explore two major areas of common research, memory and knowledge, both with respect to their relatiofi to human language behavior. Specifically, we hope to consider such questions as:  (1.) What computational models and mechanisms have been proposed up to now in these areas? (2) What aspects of huma~ language behavior are they meant to account for? (3) Are these models and mechanisms compatible? (4) Is there a single global view of language understanding and use that is adequately modelled by some combination of them? THEQRETICAL ISSUES (5) Are there still significant aspects of human language use which they cannot account for? (6) What is the best model of human lanquage use that can be assembled out of the concepts that nave been developed in computational linguistics, linguistics, P psychology, and artificial intelligence? (7) How well does it really -approxima%e what humans do with language? (8) With respect to gaps in the model, is thefe any null thing currently in the wind-adequate to complete them? Thus our primary purpose is both to provide an assessment of our mowledge and goals in this area .with respect to language processing and to provide a cross-disciplinary tutorial for the participants. A secondary purpose of the ~orkshop is to discuss the important issue of valid methodology in such research. In eight ses:sisions, speakers will address the audience on points made by themselves or others in posimtioh papers pxeviausly distributed to all participants. After these presentations are finished, speakers and audience will take part in general discussions. null MOT I VAT1 ON AND GOALS In recent years, researchers in several disciplines have been converging on the problem of language understanding and memory as providing a handle on the problems in their own fields. Researchers in Artificial Intelligence, conce.rnad with building models of intelligent behavior, have.started to develop and study models of conversational interaction, which naturally rely on models of language understanding. This is often done without reference to the work of researchers in other disciplines.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> Lingui,sti-cs, of course, has always been concerned with language, but &amp;quot;frequently at no level higher than that of the sen-. fence. Such theories as derived fkom the consideration of sinale sentences out of context are diffioult to apply to the task of understanding. Recently*some linguists such as Chafe have shifted thelr emphasis towards understanding and modelling discourse, which is af direct relevance to questiorls of understanding. null Psychologists have also been interested in problems of language understanding and memory. While early research did look to l~.nguistics to p-ovide plausible theories of human language behavior null the then-curtent theories proved insufficient to the task. As a result, some psychologists have begun to create their own theories, while others have begun to pay attektion to the wark of A1 researchers. Computer models are now appearing which are ex-. pli-,cations of these theories: In the field of computational linguistics, the challenge of building computer systems which can carry on fluent and helpful dialogues with a user has dlso shifted the emphasis in the field from more efficient parsers to mote capable understanders, In spite of this convergence of many different disciplines on the same problem, there is sqrprisingly little communicat.ion between researchers in the different fields, apart, from occasional discovery of nrelevant paper$ in one field by members of anmother. Without conferenqes of the sort that we are proposing, there is. no opportur)ity for the individual researchers in these different fields to talk to each othek directly. Th'e value of SUCR face-to-face confrontation and the opportunity for asking questions and sxploring tne applicability of techniques in areas other than the ones that the author had in mind are well appreciated. Wjthin disciplines such opportunities exist in traditional professional conferences. Our conference will provide an opportunity for such interaction across a diversity of fields which would not otherwise be possible.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
  <Section position="5" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
THEORETICAL ISSUES
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> The need for such a conference' is especially great in the area of natural language understandlnu.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> The many different fields whlch are beginning to glve Strong attention to this problem all havz different interests and consequently different emphases on the problem.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> Researchers in a particular field tend to focus only on their own interests and ignore other aspects of the problem. For example, the classical transformational grammar theory has largely ignored the necessity for the theory to account for psycholingulstlc and other pefformance aspe~ts of language. This is a reasonable way t~ gain a restricted research problem, but the result of such research mag suffer if the researcher does not have some general idea of the problems associated wsth the aspects that are being ignored. Thls conference will attempt to provide speclallsts in different fields with this type of general understanding of the problems of concern in other flelds. We feel that thrs exposure to different aspects and enfphases will have a very beneflclal effect on all flelds of natural language research, and that wlthout such'interchange the potential for much of that research will not be reallzed.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> The opportunity for duch a rneetlng as we are preparing does not currently exlst elsewhere. ~onferencbs sponsored by professional socletles invarlabky present intradlsclpllnary news rather than interdlsclpl~nary. ones, and past interdlsclpllnary workshops have always been on a very small scale. For example, at the NSF spoqsored workshop in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, in 1971, some 25 researchers interested in Computational Semantics were brought together for two weeks of worthwhile talks. Wh~le the results of such a conference are largely intangible, a number of partioipants In that oonference have attested to the lmpact of that conference on thelr way of thlnklng about problems aqd the course~of thelz research.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="4"> We plan to adhere to the model of the Woods Hole cob ference, but with the following two changes.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
  <Section position="6" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
THEORETICAL ISSUES
First
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> it is important to creatb the possibility fol: the many new researchers from different 'fields who have entered this area to gain an appreciation of the different emphases of other fields. Secondly, it is important that a much larger number of people whose interests are .in one discioline or another be exposed to the Ideas emerging from the synthesis of these di-sciplines. It is important that more than just a small group 'be able to exchange ideas.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> ence ing Since a long workshop would be very re proposing, we are relying on an e papers to familiarize all participa alike, with the current ideas. on na in each of the fields. These prepri  valuable job of informing those unable to participate in the workshop of these current iaeas, and de therefore intend to make copies of the preprints widely available.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
  <Section position="7" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
ORGANIZATION
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> The two sessions of each day will be held in the morning.and in the late afternoon. The long break for\ lunch in between wfll facilitate discussions 04 the morning's topic, without the need to get back to another session immediately.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> All sess'ions will be open to the public, and we expect about I50 people to participate. MIT was selected as a site so that the widest group of interested people. might be able to come at a reasonable cost. MIT has made a large air-conditioned lecture room available, and will also provide low-cost dormitory housing for the participants.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> Ihe sessions will-not simply be introductions to working systems or wel-1-known theosaies . Posit i on papers will have been distributed to all' participants at least a nonth in advance of</Paragraph>
  </Section>
  <Section position="8" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
THEORETICAL I-SSUES
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> the workshop to f~amiliarize them with the ideas of aach speaker.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> The sessions will consist of short presentations (1'0-15 minutes) by the speakers outlining their already circulated ideas. Following a break, each speaker will have the opportunity to respond to earlier remarks, after which discussion will be opened to the audience. A session chairman will bB responsible for maintaining the Level and direction of the sessim.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2">  Generalities about the methods, problems, and applications of computational linguistics. (Level of analysis of content, documentation, indexing, aids to diagnosis ,programmed instruction in natural language, etc. ) Is automatic analysis of language possible? Limits and possibilities of results. Possible applications, justiPS.ication.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
  <Section position="9" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
MATHERATICAL METHODS IN LINGUISTICS
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> The essential components of the structure of language (French as the example. Usable strategies in the automatic analysis and production of text. Difficulties encountered. From language to algorithms to programming. Does language have a mathematical structure? How does it come out in French? ~ifficulties in the choice of methods of analysis and production. Adequacy relations between natural and programming languages.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> Presentation of an operational discovery procedure which, beginning with a corpus analyzed grammatically, makes it possible to obtain automatically a syntax allowing disambiguation. It is impossible to foresee all the peculiarities of language. One must therefore arrange to integrate new linguistic data as they arrive; for that a discovery procedure is necessary.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
  <Section position="10" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
ROCQUENCOURT SUMMER SCHOOL
AUTOMATIC DOCUMENTATION
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> A mathematical model of content analysis, used in automatic indexing and in interrogating documentation systems.</Paragraph>
    <Section position="1" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="sub_section">
      <SectionTitle>
Presentation
</SectionTitle>
      <Paragraph position="0"> of realizations.</Paragraph>
      <Paragraph position="1"> Automatic documentation is a privileged field of applicatkn for the most advanced methods. It is equally a particular viewpoint from which to see linguistics. The first part of the course will be treated jointly by M. Andreewsky and M. Fluhr,</Paragraph>
    </Section>
  </Section>
  <Section position="11" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
USE AND PROOF OF THEOREMS IN LINGUISTIC AND INFORMATIC APPLICATIONS
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"/>
  </Section>
  <Section position="12" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
AUTOMAT1 C CONTENT ANALYSIS OF SCI ENTI FI C TEXT WRITTEN IN NATURAL
LANGUAGE
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> M. Daniel Herault, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie Discursive double articulation of scientific discourse: the hypersyntactic and hypersemantic components. Definition of semantic content. Role of the underlying derivational system; at the Level of a text, in the realization of the double articulation: semantic units (predicates), principal modifiers, and associated syntactic structures. Informatic realization for the Slavic languages. Remarks on German, Romance, and Japanese. Elaboration of an advanced documentation system: integration of this research in an MT system.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
  <Section position="13" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
AUTOMATIC TRANSLATION
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> M. Yauqtlois, GETA ~renob2e Automatic translation by syntactic analysis: 1960-1970. The process of translation as the step following source analysis, followed by transfer to the level of surface syntax. Notions of structural descriptors and their diverse representations in linguistic schools. Types of grammars and algorithms which permit automatic analysis or production. Evolution of different strategies aimed at new approaches to.MT. Levels of transfer in MT: Surface syntax (Japanese experiments); transformational grammar (American experiments) ; pivot languages (Grenoble experiments; Mel'chuk-Zholkhawski theory); critique. Current research in MT: Practical work (machine aided translation--pre-editing , revising short and middle-term possibilities); long-term research- (aspects of semantic calcu-lus; experiments in man-machine communication in question-answering systems; influence of semantic research on automatic translation).</Paragraph>
  </Section>
  <Section position="14" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
ROCQUENCOURT SUMMER SCHOOL
MAN-MACHINE DIALOGUES AND SPEECH
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> M. Gueguen, E.N.S.T.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> Objective analysis of language: physical structure of the signal of language, classic methods of analysis, analysis by rnodeling (linear prediction, analysis, by synthesis) . Automatic recognition: system organization, acoustic preprocessing, levels of recognition, use of linguistic data; realizatinns. and Qpen problems in automatic comprehension of speech. Speech synthesis: devices and their commands (vocoders with channels, formants, simulation of the vocal tract); levqls of synthesis;' synthesis by rules. Perspectives and conclusions.: the help of computational linguistics in the area.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
  <Section position="15" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
ROUND TABLE : COMPUTATIONAL LINGUI ST1 CS AND LI NGUI ST1 CS
American Journal of Computational Linguistics
SUMMER SCHOOL
LITERARY STATISTICS
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY, ENGLAND
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> sponsored by the Association for Literary apd Linguistic Computing</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"/>
  </Section>
  <Section position="16" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
ACADEMIC SECRETARY
PRINCIPAL LECTURER
GUEST LECTURERS
LECTURE TOPICS
TUTORIAL TOPICS
ONLINE FACILIT'IES
INFORMATION
F E-ES
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> M. H. T. Alford, Esq.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1">  a1nose who inform Mr. Alford of their h~pe oPS attending will recei ve 'further infor-mation. A tentative reservation of living space is suggested.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> Tuition L20 for nonmembers, L17 membela Accommodation about L30; room and all meals, from dinner 7/13 through breaEfast</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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