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<Paper uid="P03-2021">
  <Title>iNeATS: Interactive Multi-Document Summarization</Title>
  <Section position="4" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="metho">
    <SectionTitle>
3 Interactive Summarization
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> Figure 1 shows a screenshot of the iNeATS system.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> We divide the screen into three parts corresponding to the three directions outlined in Section 1. The control panel displays the summarization parameters on the left side of the screen. The document panel shows the document text on the right side. The summary panel presents the summaries in the middle of the screen.</Paragraph>
    <Section position="1" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="sub_section">
      <SectionTitle>
3.1 Controlling Summarization Process
</SectionTitle>
      <Paragraph position="0"> The top of the control panel provides the user with control over the summarization process. The first set of widgets contains controls for the summary size, sentence position, and redundancy filters. The second row of parameters displays the set of topic signatures identified by the iNeATS engine. The selected subset of the topic signatures defines the content focus for the summary. If the user enters a new value for one of the parameters or selects a different subset of the topic signatures, iNeATS immediately regenerates and redisplays the summary text in the top portion of the summary panel.</Paragraph>
    </Section>
    <Section position="2" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="sub_section">
      <SectionTitle>
3.2 Browsing Document Set
</SectionTitle>
      <Paragraph position="0"> iNeATS facilitates browsing of the document set by providing (1) an overview of the documents, (2) linking the sentences in the summary to the original documents, and (3) using sentence zooming to highlight the most relevant sentences in the documents.</Paragraph>
      <Paragraph position="1"> The bottom part of the control panel is occupied by the document thumbnails. The documents are arranged in chronological order and each document is assigned a unique color to paint the text background for the document. The same color is used to draw the document thumbnail in the control panel, to fill up the text background in the document panel, and to paint the background of those sentences in the summary that were collected from the document. For example, the screenshot shows that a user selected the second document which was assigned the orange color. The document panel displays the document text on orange background. iNeATS selected the first two summary sentences from this document, so both sentences are shown in the summary panel with orange background.</Paragraph>
      <Paragraph position="2"> The sentences in the summary are linked to the original documents in two ways. First, the document can be identified by the color of the sentence. Second, each sentence is a hyperlink to the document - if the user moves the mouse over a sentence, the sentence is underlined in the summary and highlighted in the document text. For example, the first sentence of the summary is the document sentence  highlighted in the document panel. If the user clicks on the sentence, iNeATS brings the source document into the document panel and scrolls the window to make the sentence visible.</Paragraph>
      <Paragraph position="3"> The relevant parts of the documents are illuminated using the technique that we call sentence zooming. We make the text color intensity of each sentence proportional to the relevance score computed by the iNeATS engine and a zooming parameter which can be controlled by the user with a slider widget at the top of the document panel. The higher the sentence score, the darker the text is. Conversely, sentences that blend into the background have a very low sentence score. The zooming parameter controls the proportion of the top ranked sentences visible on the screen at each moment. This zooming affects both the full-text and the thumbnail document presentations. Combining the sentence zooming with the document set overview, the user can quickly see which document contains most of the relevant material and where approximately in the document this material is placed.</Paragraph>
      <Paragraph position="4"> The document panel in Figure 1 shows sentences that achieve 50% on the sentence score scale. We see that the first half of the document contains two black sentences: the first sentence that starts with &amp;quot;US Insurers...&amp;quot;, the other starts with &amp;quot;President George...&amp;quot;. Both sentences have a very high score and they were selected for the summary. Note, that the very first sentence in the document is the headline and it is not used for summarization. Note also that the sentence that starts with &amp;quot;However,...&amp;quot; scored much lower than the selected two - its color is approximately half diluted into the background.</Paragraph>
      <Paragraph position="5"> There are quite a few sentences in the second part of the document that scored relatively high. However, these sentences are below the sentence position cutoff so they do not appear in the summary. We illustrate this by rendering such sentences in slanted style.</Paragraph>
    </Section>
    <Section position="3" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="sub_section">
      <SectionTitle>
3.3 Alternative Summaries
</SectionTitle>
      <Paragraph position="0"> The bottom part of the summary panel is occupied by the map-based visualization. We use BBN's IdentiFinder (Bikel et al., 1997) to detect the names of geographic locations in the document set. We then select the most frequently used location names and place them on world map. Each location is identified by a black dot followed by a frequency chart and the location name. The frequency chart is a bar chart where each bar corresponds to a document.</Paragraph>
      <Paragraph position="1"> The bar is painted using the document color and the length of the bar is proportional to the number of times the location name is used in the document.</Paragraph>
      <Paragraph position="2"> The document set we used in our example describes the progress of the hurricane Andrew and its effect on Florida, Louisiana, and Texas. Note that the source documents and therefore the bars in the chart are arranged in the chronological order. The name &amp;quot;Miami&amp;quot; appears first in the second document, &amp;quot;New Orleans&amp;quot; in the third document, and &amp;quot;Texas&amp;quot; is prominent in the last two documents. We can make some conclusions on the hurricane's path through the region - it traveled from south-east and made its landing somewhere in Louisiana and Texas.</Paragraph>
    </Section>
  </Section>
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