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<Paper uid="P98-1060">
  <Title>Ambiguity Preserving Machine Translation using Packed Representations*</Title>
  <Section position="3" start_page="365" end_page="366" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
2 Example
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> To illustrate the approach we take a simple example which contains a PP attachment ambiguity which can be preserved between German and English and probably between many other related languages as well.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> (1) wir treffen die KoUegen in Berlin we meet the colleagues in Berlin For example the sentence in (1) can either mean (a) that we will have a meeting in Berlin where we will meet our colleagues or (b) that we will meet our colleagues who live in Berlin. Without previous knowledge about the discourse and the specific people involved, it will not be possible to resolve these two meanings. Nevertheless, both the German and the English sentence express exactly the same ambiguity.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> There might exist other paraphrases using exactly the same semantic predicates, e.g. the utterances in (2) but they will not be chosen by the generator because they do not cover both readings at the same time. Instead sentence (2a) would be chosen to express the attachment of the prepositional phrase to the verb phrase whereas sentence (2b) would be chosen to express the attachment to the noun phrase 'the colleagues'.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3">  (2) a. In Berlin treffen wir die Kollegen In Berlin meet we the colleagues (In Berlin we will meet the colleagues.) b. wir treffen die Kollegen aus Berlin we meet the colleagues from Berlin (We will meet the colleagues from Berlin.) In addition, those two maximally discriminating sentences could also be used as an interface for an interactive translation system, e.g. the negotiator approach (Kay, 1997) where the human translator would be asked to distinguish between the two possible readings.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="4"> The f-structures in (3) and (4) correspond to the disambiguated attachments as paraphrased in (2a) and (2b) respectively.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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