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<Paper uid="P84-1049">
  <Title>REFERENCE \[i\]. Yiming Yang: A Study of a System for Analyzing Chinese</Title>
  <Section position="3" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
I. THE PROBLEM OF CHINESE
LANGUAGE ANALYSIS
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> Being a language in which only characters ( ideograns ) are used, Chinese language has specific problems. Compared to languages such as English, there are few formal inflections to indicate the grammatical category of a word, and the few inflections that do exist are often omitted.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> In English, postfixes are often used to distinguish syntactical categories (e.g. translation, translate; difficul!, dificulty), but in Chinese it is very common to use the same word (characters) for a verb, a noun, an adjective, etc.. So the ambiguity of syntactic category of words is a big problem in Chinese analysis.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> In another exa~ole, in English, &amp;quot;-ing&amp;quot; is used to indicate a participle, or &amp;quot;-ed&amp;quot; can be used to distinguish passive mode from active. In Chinese, there is nothing to indicate participle, and although there is aword, &amp;quot;~ &amp;quot; , whose function is to indicate passive mode, it is often omitted. Thus for a verb occurring in a sentence, there is often no w~y of telling if it transitive or intransitive, active or passive, participle or predicate of the main sentence, so there may be many ambiguities in deciding the structure it occurs in.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> If we attempt Chinese language analysis using a conputer, and try to perform the syntactic analysis in a straightforward way, we run into a combinatorial explosion due to such ambiguities. What is lacking, therefore, is a simple method to decide syntactic structure.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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