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<Paper uid="A83-1009">
  <Title>PROTOTYPE EVENT EVENT TYPE AGENT (OR OBJECT PLUS OWNER) TIME OF THE EVENT LOCATION AT WHICH EVENT TOOK PLACE PATIENT, OR ENTITY AF- FECTED BY THE EVENT INTERPRETATION OF THE EVENT PROTOTYPE OF SPECIFIC EVENT AIRSPACE VIOLATION AIRCRAFT OWNED BY COUNTRY C TIME AT WHICH VIO&amp;quot; LATION OCCURRED LOCATION AT WHICH VIOLATION OCCURRED OWNER OF VIO- LATED AIRSPACE PROBABLE REASON FOR VIOLATION EVENT EXAMPLE AIRSPACE VIOLATION A UGANOAN FIGHTER</Title>
  <Section position="3" start_page="0" end_page="55" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
1.0 EIACI~GFIOUND
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> For several years, with some Inl;erroptlone, a research end development effort hal been In procmm In the Operating Systems Division of Logicon (and its predecame' company, OpereUng Systems, Inc.) aimed at the automated creation of data base elements from the text ~f electronically transmitted military messages. 1 \[Kuhna and Montgomery 1973, Kuhns 1Q74, Kuhns ot ai 1975, SIlva end Montgomery 1977, Silva et el 1979e, 19T9b, Owigglns and Silva 1981.\] The objective of this research has been to provide an automated capability to supplement the presently largely manuel, isbor-intermive task of meintainlng the currency of data bases which derive their InformaUon elements from the text of military rues=ages. Although some effort has been devoted to primarily Interactive approaches to the problem, and to mwmages which have highly predictable cniumnar summary formats, the majority of the research and development work has concentrated on the more difficult task of analyzing unformatted narrative l:axt with user Interaction limited to occasional sssistmlca to the automated system.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> A teethed system called MATRES has been constructed In Prolog to run under the UNiX operating system on the POP 11/70. MATRES Is a knowledge based system for undorotanding the natural language text of event-oriented massages tn the domains of air activities and space/missile (S&amp;M) activities. The knowledge structures In MATRES, called &amp;quot;templates a, are essentially frames or scripts describing entities and events, which answer the military u~er's bsolc questions about these 1. This work has been carried out under the sponsorship of the Rome Air Development Center (RADC), U. S. Air Force Systems Command, Grlffiss Air :'~,-~e 8aBe, New York.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> MlenmmmL as Illustrated In the simplified view of an event template prlmentod In Figure 1.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> The templatee are hierarchically organized; lower level templates deal with ot)Jects or times, mid level with evarlts containing objects and times, higher level with activities composed of events. The slots in the tamplates contadn procedures which operate upon the output of the Definite Clause Grammar (DCG) to Instantlata the templatlm.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="4"> We are currently using a corpus of spprcximstaF/ 125 messages In the S&amp;M domain s~ a basis for developing a scenario for evaluation of the extended MATRES teatl~bed, ms well ms a teethed for a related knowledge baaed ayltem, the Active/Introspective information System \[desCribed In Montgomery and Ruapini 1981, and Ruapinl 1982\] for which MATRES serves an a front end.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="5"> The scanmlo Involves two simulated nations, the Delta Col~edaratton of the Atlantic States and the Epsilon Repobllk:. Both netlone have space programs, and each Is interested in monitoring the technological progress of the other, using their own sataillte and sensor resources mid those of other friendly neUon8. The sot of fifessages to be analyzed by MATRES are mainly reports of space and satellite launches and orbital activities of the Delta Confederation, which are being monitored and evaluated by the Epsllon RepubUc. The text o1' messages used In the scenario has the structure and format of actual messages reporting on S&amp;M activities, although the lexicon is substantially different.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="6"> All discumled In several previous technical reports prepared under earlier contracts with RAOC (~Kuhns and Mantgamary 1973\], \[Silva at el 19790\], \[Silva et sl 1979b\]), the subset ot' the English language on which the text Of Intelligence messages 18 based Is essentislly a specialized language for reporting events. Intermixed with factual statements reporting on entitles and events, however, Is much evaluative commentary. Moreover, proms announcements of the Oeita Confederation are Included In the reports, and evaluative comments are made both about the events reported In the press announcements and the announcements themselves. In synthesizing data base elements from these messages, it is crucial to sort out these different levels of information. null This paper defines an approach to identifying and label-Ing those types of Information so that they can be exploited In the context of MATRES and the data base systems which It serves.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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