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<Paper uid="W06-2506">
  <Title>Characterizing Response Types and Revealing Noun Ambiguity in German Association Norms</Title>
  <Section position="3" start_page="41" end_page="41" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
2 Intuitions
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> A critical component of the current study was the presentation of target stimuli in two forms: Lexical stimuli consisted of the written name of target objects; pictorial stimuli consisted of the written names accompanied by black and white line drawings of the referred-to objects.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> We assumed that, in some cases, associate responses elicited by written words would be different from associate responses elicited by pictures. Differences in responses might arise from a variety of sources: a) images might increase the salience of physical attributes of objects, b) images might show non-prototypical characteristics of objects that would not be evoked by words, c) when word forms have different shades of meaning, responses evoked by lexical stimuli might index any of the words' meanings while responses evoked by pictorial representations might be more biased towards the depicted sense.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> To illustrate these points, consider the following example. The picture of a Hexe 'witch' from our study showed a witch riding on a broom, see  than, for example, a plausible alternative like stirring a cauldron or simply standing by herself, accentuated the relationship between witch and broom. Indeed, we found that this accentuation was reflected in the associate responses: 27 of the 50 participants (54%) who saw the picture of the witch produced broom as an associate while only 18 participants (36%) who read the word witch produced broom. Thus, the association strength of a response elicited by words does not necessarily generalize to picture stimuli, and vise versa.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> To demonstrate the relevance of presentation mode for potentially ambiguous nouns, consider a second example. The German word for 'lock' is Schloss. Schloss, however, also means 'castle'. Associate responses such as Schl&amp;quot;ussel 'key' and Fahrrad 'bicycle' might be elicited by the lock meaning of the word while responses such as Prinzessin 'princess' or Burg 'castle' would index the alternative meaning.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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