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<Paper uid="E06-2013">
  <Title>Automatic Annotation for All Semantic Layers in FrameNet</Title>
  <Section position="3" start_page="0" end_page="135" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
2 Introduction to FrameNet
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> FrameNet (Baker et al., 1998; Johnson et al., 2003) is a comprehensive lexical database that lists descriptions of words in the frame-semantic paradigm (Fillmore, 1976). The core concept is the frame, which is conceptual structure that represents a type of situation, object, or event, coupled with a semantic valence description that describes what kinds of semantic arguments (frame elements) are allowed or required for that particular frame. The frames are arranged in an ontologyusing relations suchasinheritance (such asthe relation between COMMUNICATION and COM-MUNICATION_NOISE) and causative-of (such as KILLING and DEATH).</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> For each frame, FrameNet lists a set of lemmas or lexical units (mostly nouns, verbs, and adjectives, but also a few prepositions and adverbs). When such aword occurs in a sentence, it is called a target word that evokes the frame. FrameNet comes with a large set of manually annotated example sentences, which is typically used by statistical systems for training and testing. Figure 1 shows an example of such a sentence. Here, the target word eat evokes the INGESTION frame.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> Three FEsare present: INGESTOR, INGESTIBLES, and PLACE.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3">  Often [an informal group]INGESTOR will eat [lunch]INGESTIBLES [near a machine or other work station]PLACE, even though a canteen is available.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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