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<Paper uid="P05-2017">
  <Title>Minimalist Parsing of Subjects Displaced from Embedded Clauses in Free Word Order Languages</Title>
  <Section position="3" start_page="0" end_page="97" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
2 Background
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> Noun phrases in Latin can become discontinuous within clauses. For instance, it is possible to place a noun before a verb and an adjective that agrees with the noun after the verb. However, for the most part, the noun phrase components stay within CP.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> Nevertheless, Kessler (1995) noted several instances where, possibly for intonational effect, Latin prose writers extracted items into matrix clauses from embedded clauses and clauses embedded within those embedded clauses. For example,  sis are-SUBJ-PRES-2SG curiosus interested-NOM-SG 'Although I know how interested you are' (Caelius at Cicero, Fam 8.1.1) In this and other cases provided by Kessler, a word is extracted from an embedded clause and moved to the beginning of the matrix clause. (The italicized words consist of the extracted element and the clause from which it was extracted.) Note in particular that 1 involves the dislocation of the subject from a tensed embedded clause, something that would ordinarily be a well-known island violation (Haegeman, 1994).</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> According to Kessler, this situation is rare enough that many contemporary accounts of Latin syntax neglect discussion of this kind of device. It is likely that Cicero occasionally wrote this way for prosodic reasons; however, there is no reason why prosody should not have syntactic consequences, and we attempt to account for the parsing of such sentences in this document.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> It is interesting to note how in these examples, the displaced element moves somewhere near to the beginning of the outer clause. Rizzi (1997) suggests a structure for this &amp;quot;left periphery&amp;quot; based on observations from Italian:  (2) . . . Force . . . (Focus) . . . (Topic) . . . Within Rizzi's GB-based framework, this is suggested to be the internal structure of CP. In X-bar terms, it looks something like this: (3) ForceP  Focus and Topic in most languages have prosodic effects, so if words displaced from embedded clauses for prosodic reasons happen to have been raised to the beginning, it suggests that the word has become part of some form of articulated CP structure. null Since our parsing algorithm is inspired by minimalism, we cannot make use of the full X-bar system. Instead, we use Rizzi's analysis to develop an analysis based on features and checking.</Paragraph>
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