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<Paper uid="I05-6005">
  <Title>Building Dialogue Corpora for Nursing Activity Analysis</Title>
  <Section position="2" start_page="0" end_page="41" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
1 Introduction
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> Recently, medical malpractice has become a serious social problem(Kohn, Corrlgan and Donaldson, 1999). The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare has reported that nursing teams are most frequently involved in medical accidents in hospitals(Healthcare Safety Promotion Network Project, 2001). The Japanese Nursing Association also states in its guidelines that nurses are encouraged to make nursing reports and to analyze the cause of accidents, which is helpful to prevent their recurrence. However, it is very difficult for nurses to make a detailed record during their working hours.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> We have been developing a nursing service support system based on nurses using wearable computers. The system is designed to record nursing activities and to give warnings when necessary. We will analyze the collected data to analyze the sequence of their tasks and to quantify their workload for the purpose of preventing medical accidents. To create such a support system, we need to acquire in-depth knowledge of nursing activities closely. As a first step, we are collecting nurses' dialogues in hospitals, building dialogue corpora, and analyzing the terms in the corpora used to carry out nursing work.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> We have already collected data on nursing tasks in a specific hospital by using special devices to record voice data. As a next step, we transcribed conversation recorded by the devices. Since then, we have been building dialogue corpora in actual work sites. The corpora include various conversations with doctors, nurses, patients, and so on. We generally exchange information, update information, and share knowledge by conversation. We believe that some medical accidents might occur due to miscommunication. That is, nurses typically exchange patients' information during conversation in clinical meetings, while at the same time taking care of patients and other nursing activities. null On the other hand, huge corpora have been  built from various voice data and text data(Kyoto Text Corpus, ; K. Maekawa, 2003). Furthermore, many types of tags have been developed for effective using of huge corpora(H. Koiso et al., 2000; M Araki, et al., 1999). However, since the traditional dialogue corpora were mostly recorded on a trial basis, their topics were usually fixed in the corpora, and word usage and meaning of terms were only defined clearly in one of them. In the real field, word usage, topics, and the meaning of terms could not easily be fixed. Furthermore, the corpora have different features from those of the real field data. For example, actual conversations include many types of miscommunications, misunderstanding, a resolution of the misunderstanding, and so on. Consequently, corpora built from such actual conversations can be reflected by miscommunication or misunderstanding. Therefore, it is difficult to analyze the real field data by rules built from the traditional corpora.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> In this paper, we focus on the corpora of the voice data recorded by the special devices, and to analyze the voice data to understand nursing activities. For developing a nursing service support system, we checked the corpora and other information such as medical charts, describe features of the corpora and their availability.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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