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<Paper uid="P04-1083">
  <Title>Statistical Machine Translation by Parsing</Title>
  <Section position="2" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
1 Introduction
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> A parser is an algorithm for inferring the structure of its input, guided by a grammar that dictates what structures are possible or probable. In an ordinary parser, the input is a string, and the grammar ranges over strings. This paper explores generalizations of ordinary parsing algorithms that allow the input to consist of string tuples and/or the grammar to range over string tuples. Such inference algorithms can perform various kinds of analysis on parallel texts, also known as multitexts.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> Figure 1 shows some of the ways in which ordinary parsing can be generalized. A synchronous parser is an algorithm that can infer the syntactic structure of each component text in a multitext and simultaneously infer the correspondence relation between these structures.1 When a parser's input can have fewer dimensions than the parser's grammar, we call it a translator. When a parser's grammar can have fewer dimensions than the parser's input, we call it a synchronizer. The corresponding processes are called translation and synchronization. To our knowledge, synchronization has never been explored as a class of algorithms.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> Neither has the relationship between parsing and word alignment. The relationship between translation and ordinary parsing was noted a long time 1A suitable set of ordinary parsers can also infer the syntactic structure of each component, but cannot infer the correspondence relation between these structures.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3">  ago (Aho &amp; Ullman, 1969), but here we articulate it in more detail: ordinary parsing is a special case of synchronous parsing, which is a special case of translation. This paper offers an informal guided tour of the generalized parsing algorithms in</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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