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<Paper uid="W00-1216">
  <Title>Text Meaning Representation for Chinese</Title>
  <Section position="3" start_page="1" end_page="109" type="intro">
    <SectionTitle>
2 Overview of Ontology
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> An ontology is a body of knowledge about the world. It is a repository of concepts used in meaning representations. All concepts are organized in a tangled subsumption hierarchy and further interconnected using a system of semantic relations defined among the concepts. The ontology is put into well-defined  relationships with knowledge sources in the system. In an NLP application the ontology supplies world knowledge to lexical, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic processes.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> In the MikroKosmos project, 2 the ontological concepts consist of: OBJECT, the static things existing in the world; EVENT, any activities happening in the world, and PROP-ERTY, the properties of OBJECTs and EVENTs. The ontology organizes terminologicalnouns into a taxonomy of objects, verbs into a taxonomy of events, and adjectives into a taxonomy of attributes. It further includes many ontological relations between objects and events to support a variety of disambiguation tasks.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> Currently, the ontology in the IVIikroKosmos project contains about 5,000 concepts covering a wide range of categories in the world. Each concept, on average, has 14 relation links. An example below presents the top three level of the ontology, which differentiates  Each concept is a frame in which a collection of ontological slots such as DEFINI-TION, IS-A, SUBCLASSES, INVERSE~ case roles such as AGENT, THEME and properties such as HEADED-BY, HAS-MEMBER, etc. link one concept to other concepts in the ontology.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> Below is an example of a concept frame of GOVERNMENT-ACTIVITY: 2The MikroKosmos project is a knowledge-based machine translation system using an interHngual approach. The so~ce languages are Spanish, Chinese and Japanese. The target language is English.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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