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<Paper uid="P99-1011">
  <Title>A Meta-Level Grammar: Redefining Synchronous TAG for Translation and Paraphrase</Title>
  <Section position="8" start_page="84" end_page="84" type="concl">
    <SectionTitle>
6 Conclusion
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> In principle, a meta-grammar is desirable, as it specifies substructures at a meta level, which is necessary when operations are carried out that are applied at this meta level. In a practical application, it solves problems in one such formalism, S-TAG, when used for paraphrase or translation, as outlined by Shieber (1994). Moreover, the formalism remains fundamentally the same, in specifying mappings between two grammars of restricted generative capacity; and in cases where this is important, it is possible to avoid changing the generative capacity of the S-TAG formalism in applying this meta-grammar.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> Currently this revised version of the S-TAG formalism is used as the low-level representation in the Reluctant Paraphrasing framework of Dras (1998; forthcoming). It is likely to also be useful in representations for machine translation between languages that are structurally more dissimilar than English and French, and hence more in need of structural definition of object-level constructs; exploring this is future work.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
class="xml-element"></Paper>