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<Paper uid="H91-1006">
  <Title>MACHINE TRANSLATION IN EUROPE</Title>
  <Section position="5" start_page="30" end_page="31" type="concl">
    <SectionTitle>
CONCLUSION
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> In presenting major themes in current MT work, a number of programs and activities have not received adequate attention.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> In particular the European activities planned as a follow-up to the Eurotra project, especially since the major portion of EC funding for MT has gone to this project which will end in 1992.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> For this phase, a number of sub-projects are currently under way, including the definition of a new formalism (that will be closer to standard unification systems) and tools for a better computational linguistic research environment. Plans or follow-up work have recognized the need for more basic research in all topics known to the CL community, but with emphasis on considering solutions in terms of multilingual needs. The problems specific to translation have essentially been mentioned above. Aside from the numerous lexical  projects (for which there will certainly be European and national initiatives), we can add a number of corpus initiatives (two of which are already under way in England). Education is also mentioned as a topic in its own right.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> Some of the activities in purely academic centers have been overlooked, either because I didn't know about them or because they have not had any impact on the community. As to activities in the private sector, it is simply more difficult to obtain information. Many of the larger companies, such as Philips, Siemens or IBM, have shown a long-standing commitment to both research and development of MT. IBM, for example, has sponsored a number of workshops in the past years, inviting representatives from all of the well known centers in the world (of. Lippman, 1986). Smaller workshops on topics such as unification and translation (ISSCO, 1989) have taken place all over Europe on an ad hoc basis.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="4"> One last outstanding topic to be mentioned in the context of MT is that of evaluation. Its absence in this review is due to its general absence as a recognized theme and its lack of direction in the field (Falkedal, 1990). Though numerous individual efforts have been undertaken (King &amp; Falkedal, 1990), the results of this work often remain private. 11 Simlar to developments in NLP, the topic has gained importance in the last few years and recently, a working group was formed headed by M. King and G. Magnusdottir. One other center active in this area is the University of Stuttgart (U.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="5"> Heid). A first forum on Evaluation and MT will be held in Switzerland in April, including participants from the academic and private sectors.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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