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<Paper uid="P84-1034">
  <Title>A PROPER TREATMEMT OF SYNTAX AND SEMANTICS IN MACHINE TRANSLATION</Title>
  <Section position="6" start_page="165" end_page="165" type="concl">
    <SectionTitle>
V CONCLUSION
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> We have found that there are some proper approaches to the treatment of syntax and semantics from the viewpoint of machine translation. Our conclusions are as follows: (i) In order to construct a practical English-Japanese machine translation system, it is advantageous to take the syntax directed approach, in which a syntactic role system plays a central role, together with phrase structure type internal representation (which we call HPM). (2) In English-Japanese machine translation, syntax should be treated in a heuristic manner based on actual human translation methods.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="1"> Semantics plays an assistant role in disambiguating the dependency among phrases.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="2"> (3) In English-Japanese machine translation, an output Japanese sentence can be obtained directly from the internal phrase structure representation (HPM) which is essentially a structured set of syntactic roles. Output sentences from the above are, of course, a kind of literal translation of stilted style, but no doubt they are understandable enough for practical use.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="3"> (4) In order to construct a practical Japanese-English machine translation system, it is advantageous to take the approach in which semantics plays a central role together with conceptual dependency type internal representation (which we call CDD).</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="4">  (5) In Japanese-English machine translation, augmented case markers play a powerful semantic ro le.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="5"> (6) In Japanese-English machine translation, the  essential part of language transformation between Japanese and English can be performed in terms of changing dependency diagrams (CDD) which involves predicate replacements.</Paragraph>
    <Paragraph position="6"> One further problem concerns establishing a practical method of compensating a machine translation system for its mistakes or limitations caused by the intractable complexities inherent to natural languages. This problem may be solved through the concept of sublanguage, pre-editing and post-editing to modify source/target languages. The sub-Japanese language approach in particular seems to be effective for Japanese-English machine translaton. One of our current interests is in a proper treatment of syntax and semantics in the sublanguage approach.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
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