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<Paper uid="W00-1312">
  <Title>Cross-lingual Information Retrieval using Hidden Markov Models</Title>
  <Section position="1" start_page="0" end_page="0" type="abstr">
    <SectionTitle>
Abstract
</SectionTitle>
    <Paragraph position="0"> This paper presents empirical results in cross-lingual information retrieval using English queries to access Chinese documents (TREC-5 and TREC-6) and Spanish documents (TREC-4). Since our interest is in languages where resources may be minimal, we use an integrated probabilistic model that requires only a bilingual dictionary as a resource. We explore how a combined probability model of term translation and retrieval can reduce the effect of translation ambiguity. In addition, we estimate an upper bound on performance, if translation ambiguity were a solved problem. We also measure performance as a function of bilingual dictionary size.</Paragraph>
  </Section>
class="xml-element"></Paper>